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IKAR Upper Stage
Schematic illustration of IKAR Upper Stage
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IKAR Upper Stage
Schematic picture of the inside of IKAR Upper Stage
IKAR Upper Stage
"Ikar" Injection Module is intended for payload transfer from injection orbit to the final orbit and satellite deployment in a specific sequence and directions with determined orientation accuracy and attitude control.
"Ikar" injection module can be used for enhancement of Soyuz-U, Soyuz-FG. After separation from launch vehicle "Ikar" Injection Module allows to deliver payload mass from 750 to 3920 kg to the circular and elliptical final orbits at 250-1400 km altitude with inclinations of i=51.8º (Baikonur cosmodrome) and i=62.8º; i=67.1º; i=81.4º; i=90º (Plesetsk cosmodrome). "Ikar" Injection Module particular feature is its long autonomous operation during the orbital flight. During the orbital flight final orbit parameters for the payload are formed and satellite separation in a specific sequence and in a specific direction is achieved. "Ikar" Injection Module can be deployed by the preset yaw for satellite separation in a specific direction. At the time of satellite separation "Ikar" Injection Module provides specified orientation accuracy and attitude control accuracy. "Ikar" Injection Module provides satellites with a fixed number of control commands, pyrotechnic commands, telemetry channels and through circuits, gives an opportunity of providing complementary satellite power supply from launch to separation from the Injection Module. High reliability of Injection Module on-board systems is achieved owing to functional redundancy and control algorithms, diagnostics and reserves management during the process of accomplishing functional tasks. "Ikar" Injection Module integrated propulsion system is intended for multiple (up to 50 times) actuations. The concept of maximum borrowing of structural and hardware base of instrument and accessories bay of base product, which has justified itself during the process of long-term operation is taken as a basis for "Ikar" Injection Module development. "Ikar" Injection Module represents a single module, consisting of unpressurized accessories bay and pressurized instrument bay, fixed on it, with adapter for payload mounting. "Ikar" Injection Module integrated propulsion system represents multistart (up to 50 actuations) liquid fuel propulsion system with pressure fuel feeding. In 1999 there were launched 6 "Soyuz-U" launch vehicles with "Ikar" Injection Module, each of them simultaneously injected 4 American "Globalstar" communication satellites into orbit. |
IKAR Upper Stage
"Soyuz" launch vehicle/"Ikar" Injection Module technical characteristics at the time of "Globalstar" satellites launch from Baikonur launch site
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Transfer injection orbit parameters: | |
inclination |
52º |
minimum altitude |
240 km |
maximum altitude |
920 km |
latitude of minimum altitude |
50,9º northern latitude |
period of revolution |
96 min |
Final orbit parameters (phasing orbit): | |
inclination |
52º |
medium radius |
7298,4 km |
eccentricity |
< 0,01 km |
Mass: | |
dry "Ikar" Injection Module |
2310 kg |
full-loaded "Ikar" Injection Module |
3210 kg |
"Ikar" Injection Module overall dimensions: | |
diameter |
2720 mm |
length |
2590 mm |
Injection Module lifetime |
1080000 Nf |
Injection Module lifetime |
no less than 30 hours |
Attitude control error before satellites separation: | |
angular error |
± 1,7° |
"Ikar" Injection Module angular rotation rate don’t increase |
0,5º/s |
Vernier and retro engine thrust of "Ikar" Injection Module integrated propulsion system |
2943 N |
Specific pulse of Ikar’s engine package thrust |
3020 Nf/kg |